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血液動力監測

Intravascular vulume monitoring 是新近關注的焦點,以往peri-operative fluid management是使用經驗法則 4-6-8-10 ml/kg/hr,等等。但現在大家都用放大鏡來檢視它的可靠性,連根深地固的interstitial fluid shifting都到質疑,所以有liberal vs. restrictive fluid mangnement的爭論。

客觀的指標在哪裡呢?傳統的CVP, Wedge pressure都不受信任,目前朝向動態指標來探討,PPV(pulse pressure variance) SPV(systolic pressure variance) 以及 SVV (Stroke volume variance) 還有 echo的 Ftc 等都是研究的方向。

麻醉科,監視的手段,是永遠不嫌多,而是否cost-effective,端看你對生命價值的衡量!

眾花漸欲迷人眼——血流動力學監測:CO? CCO? PiCCO? NICO? Vigileo?


轉載虎哥文章:

目前ICU臨床常用的監測手段是Swan-Ganz漂浮導管、PiCCO(pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output)技術和NICOR技術(見下表)。此外,目前還有一種微創CCO監測系統(Edwards公司Vigileo®/FloTrac系統),可以只利用「動脈波形分析」原理進行連續心排量監測並通過每搏量變異度指導容量治療。與PiCCO相比雖然創傷更小而且不需要溫度稀釋法校正CO,但其計算公式中的「血管常數(χ)」是根據普通人群人口統計學資料得出的,目前還沒有在小嬰兒、心血管外科術後的大規模應用資料。這三種方法各有特點,但由於先天性心臟病心內結構複雜(各水平都可能存在體-肺分流)並且許多矯治手術的心內結構重建設計與常態不同,因此在嬰幼兒複雜先天性心臟病術後評估循環狀態似乎PiCCO監測更為方便可靠,但對於心室收縮和舒張功能的判斷仍是超聲心動圖最為直觀。需要注意的是無論M型超聲還是二維Simpson法測量EF值的計算公式都是基於「左心室排空率」,但對於心室水平存在分流或者流出道重建、體肺分流等手術後的患者「左心室排空率」並不代表實際的體循環心排出量。在這種情況下通過經M型超聲或經食道超聲(TEE)測量升主動脈竇管交界(或降主動脈)附近截面積以及收縮期平均動脈前向流速(1/2曲線下面積流速)也可以準確的獲得心排血量的數據。 

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