歲月麻醉

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心臟病孕婦的剖腹產風險評估與麻醉

對於心臟病患者,進行非開心手術,ACC/AHA 有導引(guideline)可供參考。但合併懷孕剖宮手術,是否另有指引可供參照呢?


可以遵循非開心手術評估的的模式,試行剖析。



原始連結:一例妊娠合併心臟病患者的剖宮麻醉


患者,女,30歲、農民、主因懷孕9+月,心累、疲勞乏力4+月,夜間陣發性呼吸困難4+月2011年1月6日21:50入院。既往4+年前患「風心病」,懷孕7+月時曾因「上感」至咳嗽後咯血(量約50ml),在當地診所開予10天口服藥治療後「痊癒」(藥名及劑量不詳)。
輔助檢查:全血圖:WBC:12.12*109/L RBC:4.32*1012個/L HGB:121g/L HCT:0.388 PLT:141*109/L 電解質:K:4.24mmol/L Na:133.1mmol/L CL:111.7mmol/L ALT:10IU/L BUN:3.32mmol/L CR:112.6ummol/L 心臟彩超示:左心長大,右房室大小正常,主、肺動脈內徑正常。二尖辦前後葉增厚,回聲增強,以辦尖為甚,舒張期辦葉開放明顯受限,開口徑約12mm,解剖面積約1.8cm2 ,收縮期關閉欠佳;辦下腱索增粗,未見融合,主動辦回聲增強增厚,開放受限,關閉欠佳,余辦膜形態結構及運動未見異常。室間隔及左室後壁厚度及搏幅正常。左心耳未見血栓聲像。(EF:50%)[檢查提示:風濕性心臟病聯合辦膜病變。二尖辦狹窄(輕度),主動脈辦狹窄(輕度)伴返流(中度)。二、三尖辦返流(輕度)。左室收縮功能基本正常。 心電圖:ST-T異常?(前側壁)左室高電壓(請結合臨床進一步診治)。
入院後給予頭孢噻肟鈉、鹽酸氨溴索及VC靜滴後兩日後無明顯好轉,考慮目前情況婦產科要求盡快終止妊娠以減輕心臟負擔。我科探視患者:神清,半臥位,雙面峽潮紅,口唇無明顯發紺,雙下肢無浮腫 PE:心界向左下長大,主動脈辦區及三尖辦區可聞及2/6級SM,心尖區可聞及2/6級SM,雙肺底可聞及散在濕鳴。
請教各位戰友:1:麻醉方式 ? 2:術前還需完善些什麼輔查?3:術中術後需注意些什麼?


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PPCM的治療露出曙光!?

對於致病機轉得來龍去脈無法釐清前,唯有對症治療。

PPCM peripartum cardiomyopathy,是一種懷孕中末期,以擴張性心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy)為表現的不明疾病,發生率在1:2000~4000之間。只有1/3病人生產後會恢復到原來心功能水平,6個月的死亡率在10%,是一種不容忽視的婦科疾病。

曾被提出致病原因或機轉的有:
1.inflammation (myocarditis, cytokines)
2. viral infection
3. autoimmunity
4. abnormal response to the hemodynamic stress of pregnancy
5.Gq-related myocyte apoptosis
6.oxidative stress-induced Cathepsin D production which produces defective prolactin leading to endothelial damage and apoptosis of vascular cells
7. prolonged tocolysis
8.selenium deficiency.
9. cytokine-mediated inflammation

其中以t inflammation, viral infection, 16 kDa prolactin induced apoptosis and autoimmunity,的實驗證據最多。



2010年4月在Circulation發表的一篇研究,Evaluation of bromocriptine in the treatment of acute severe peripartum cardiomyopathy: a proof-of-concept pilot study.Circulation. 2010 Apr 6;121(13):1465-73.,其正向的治療結果,似乎露出一線曙光。但隨之伴隨的Editorial review,Bromocriptine for the treatment of peripartum cardiomyopathy.Circulation. 2010 Apr 6;121(13):1463-4


卻提出謹慎對待的呼籲!理由:


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