歲月麻醉

Anesthesia,Joyful Life
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What is symptomatic VPCs

頻發室早麻醉

患者,男,80歲,BP125/78mmhg,p67次/分,肝腎功能,凝血四項正常。ECG示頻發室早,有時呈三聯律。能連續平地走2000米以上,負重15公斤以上走30米,日常生話自理。心臟彩超示結構正常,EF67%.明天要行前列腺氣化電切術。本人對室性心律失常經念不多,本例患者要注意那些東西,用何種麻醉方式好,情指教,謝謝



參考舊聞連結:心臟病人術前評估二三事





什麼是  symptomatic VPCs ?




 VPC的症狀 據說是下墜感 心慌的感覺


Typical symptoms include palpitations, light-headedness, syncope,

atypical chest pain, or fatigue. Palpitations are due to an augmented

post-VPC beat
 and may be sensed as a pause rather than an extra beat.


If w/o significant structural heart disease

asymptomatic VPC
:不需要治療
尋找可能誘發因子並消除之

predisposing factors: hypoK, hypoMg, med, stress


symptomatic VPC: ,教育病人,降低刺激因素,如生活压力,咖啡因等,或给予抗焦虑药物,无效,可采用
症狀治療药物:
治療首選是beta blocker or nondihydropyridine CCB
如果病人無法tolerate,可以考慮用amiodarone



If w/significant structural heart disease

VPC post-MI
建議使用beta blocker

LVH
會增加VPCs --> BP control


其他的class I antiarrhythmic drug
雖然可以suppress VPC,但對mortality無益甚至有害
不建議使用


Bigeminy - Paired complexes, VPC alternating with a normal beat

Trigeminy - VPC occurring every third beat (2 sinus beats followed by VPC)

Quadrigeminy - VPC occurring every fourth beat (VPC following 3 normal beats)

Couplet - 2 consecutive VPCs

Nonsustained VT - 3 or more consecutive VPCs (<30 s) (a.k.a short run VT)

Sustained VT - persists for 30 seconds or causes hemodynamic collapse








與此病人比較,有兩個差一點:

1.沒有作 24h 心電圖,與運動心電圖,而24h holter monitor 在術前評估並未聽聞有任何角色功能,至於運動心電圖,對此病人並無適應證。

2. 攝護腺手術,也是歸屬於中度風險等級,不改變此病人的處置流程。

而所謂的有症狀的心律異常,有哪些呢?guideline上是明確指出三種心律,

High-grade atrioventricular block
Symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of underlying heart disease
Supraventricular arrhythmias with uncontrolled ventricular rate

這個病人並不符合以上的描述。

選擇麻醉的方式,傳統使用蒸餾水的手術方式,以半身麻醉為宜,脊髓麻醉是最可靠與有效的麻醉方式。而使用生理食鹽水者,也可以採用全身麻醉,不過,一些會致心律不整的藥物,如succinylcholine最好不要用。

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