歲月麻醉

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Propofol異丙酚

麻醉藥物proprofol最近因為搖滾天王麥可傑克森的暴斃,突然間成為庶民百姓間關心談論的焦點,propofol在麻醉界可說集三千寵愛於一身的一代絕色,雖有小瑕疵,但瑕不掩瑜,就讓我們來談談這位美姑娘吧!


隨著麥可傑克森(Michael Jackson)死亡原因漸漸明朗,是由異丙酚(Propofol)這種麻醉劑與多種鎮靜藥物混合,造成麥克死亡的主因。自從麥可死訊曝光以來,美國有許多病患害怕使用異丙酚來麻醉,讓美許多醫生需要大費周章保證藥物的安全。....摘自自由時報



Propofol自問世以來,已經超過20年,它可以說麻醉歷史上一個世代的里程碑,因為它的發明,TIGA(total iv general anesthesia),以至於次世代的TCI(Target control infusion),都因它的出現,而得以實現。
它的原廠藥名(brand drug)為Diprivan ( diisopropyl intravenous anesthetic的縮寫).除了含有活性的成份外,他的excipents(賦型劑)也是一波三折,因為無防禦性過敏性休克(anaphylatic shock)的疑慮,由原本的cremophor EL改為 soybean oil;而隨著原廠專利保護的過期,原名藥(副廠藥)generic drug 大量入市,就如舊文章所提到,原廠藥與原名藥的差別,賦型劑是關鍵,左邊新聞照片,可以清楚的看到,在明顯處標示含有sulfite,隱含有警示的功能,這個成份,在許多食品與藥物中都普遍含有這種防腐劑,而它也是氣喘病人的過敏原之一,發生率約在5-10%,對於有氣喘病人,尤其是對sulfite過敏者,需慎用。查了一下其他的成份,一些熟面孔都在,有:sodium metabisulfite or benzyl alcohol. 而原廠藥是使用EDTA當作抗菌劑。因為醫院經營成本的考量,會頻繁的更動藥品的來源,這樣的差異,使得醫師在使用上要多一個心眼。








Precipitating factors in asthma. Aspirin, sulfites, and other drugs and chemicals.Chest. 1985 Jan;87(1 Suppl):50S-54S.



Sulfite hypersensitivity. A critical review.CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1987;17(3):185-214.



原廠藥有soybean oil,原名藥有sulfite過敏的問題,而它們共同的不良作用為脂溶性所引起的注射性疼痛,與高脂血症,根本性解決,就是發展水溶性製劑,現在已經有這種藥物上市(2008),『Fos-propofol』。它是一種propofol的前驅物prodrug,注入身體後,由組織內的alkaline phosphatase分解成活性物propofol, 以及 formaldehyde, 及 phosphate,所以它的劑量比propofol要來的大(12.5mg/kg vs. 2.5mg/kg),peak serum level 低,作用慢(4 min vs. one circulation time,seconds),但時間長(sustained effect)。目前使用的範疇在內視鏡檢查的Monitoring sedation care.


Interactive web simulation for propofol and fospropofol, a new propofol prodrug.Anesth Analg. 2008 Mar;106(3):880-3

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