歲月麻醉

Anesthesia,Joyful Life
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Rapidly slow the pacing down


普通人群中,房顫的患病率約為0.4-1%,但隨年齡的增加而升高,在年齡大於80歲的老年人中可增至8%,隨著高齡社會的來臨,術中遇到有房顫的病人越來越多,外科醫師對此都沒有什麼概念,尤其是心率的控制,都毫不經心!麻醉再沒有好好把關,術中發生問題的機會就很大。不過還是有一些是經過麻醉誘導過程,心率突然變快者,譬如施打succinylcholine,插管等,不過這似乎與該病人術前有無藥物治療來有效控制心率有關!

那急性期如何來控制心率呢?根據指南的推薦有上列幾種藥物!




包涵我們熟知的各種beta ,以及鈣離子阻斷劑,而當紅炸子雞amiodarone而未缺席。雖然guideline將它列在 有旁道傳導的預激患者(如WPW),不過Clinical trial都少不了它這一角。今年六月CCM有一篇急診的研究,在初次(未服用任何心律不整藥物)因房顫快心率來就診患者,給予 1. diltiazem 2. aminodarone 3. digoixin 比較期療效,發現,diltiazem的效果最快也最好,而意外發現,一般給人家搬不上檯面的digoxin(起效慢,療效視窗窄),效果竟然等同於aminodarone。 不過當期的編輯評論,該篇文章選入的患者心功能較為正常,並羅列一類似研究,但是加護病房的患者,同樣比較diltiazem, amniodarone,雖然前者療效顯著,但同時卻有四位患者因為血壓過低而剔出研究之外,因此綜合所述,平心而論,心功能的好壞,影響使用降心率的藥物選擇,這也符合臨床的印象,而對心功能掌握不夠者,amiodarone無疑的是保守中的最佳首選藥物。(參照前篇 atrial fibrillation with RVR)

1.Amiodarone versus diltiazem for rate control in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias.Crit Care Med. 2001 Jun;29(6):1149-53.

2.Intravenous diltiazem is superior to intravenous amiodarone or digoxin for achieving ventricular rate control in patients with acute uncomplicated atrial fibrillation.Crit Care Med. 2009 Jul;37(7):2174-9; quiz 2180.





至於預激併發房顫,這是比較危急的情況,有轉變成VT的可能性,需要馬上電復率cardioversion,尤其是有生命徵象不穩定的時候,若要使用藥物,有amniodarone可以選!不過丁香園心版對這個問題有一番辯論,癥結在於大陸還有心律平(普羅帕酮(Propafenone)) 這個藥,而我們這裡,只有口服,沒有注射! 也不知歐美有沒有注射劑型的藥物? 這個藥物的問題跟diltiazem or beta blocker一樣,對於心功能差者,使用上有禁忌!所以,說來說去,其實最安全的還是cardioversion!

連結:預激綜合徵伴房顫的常見誤解

cardioversion 的劑量 PSVT, A. FLUTTER 從50 J起跳外,餘皆由100 J起跳,可到最大劑量!

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