歲月麻醉

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皮膚消毒的革命性改變

有循證醫學證據支持,可以減少SSIs的方法,timely perioperative antibiotic use, clipping rather than shaving for hair removal, and maintaining normothermia,另外兩個,the best preparations for preoperative skin antisepsis and the benefits of decolonizing Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers.也得到了證實,發表在一月份的NEJM。

外科手術的皮膚消毒,傳統,經典,且是目前的主流作法是povidone-iodine。但此兩項研究將推翻這樣的觀點,一種手洗消毒液hibiscrub的成份組成chlorhexidine-alcohol,可以更有效的改善SSIs (surgical site infections)。

Chlorhexidine–alcohol versus povidone–iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 7; 362:18.



 


a lower overall rate of SSIs (9.5% vs. 16.1% for P-I; P=0.004) and lower rates of superficial (4.2% vs. 8.6%; P=0.008) and deep (1.0% vs. 3.0%; P=0.05) incisional SSIs. No significant between-group differences were seen in rates of organ-space infections (4.4% and 4.6%, respectively) or sepsis from SSIs (2.7% and 4.3%).







對於這個anti-septics (chlorhexidine-alcohol),可以改善SSIs 不是新的東西,早在2005年個人到新加坡參加一個workshop,期間在開刀房內參觀,所有麻醉科procedure的皮膚消毒,已經改用chlorhexidine-alcohol,當時回到醫院,跟科內反應,再與藥局,感控聯繫,結論是,國內沒有該濃度的溶液販售,而藥局要自己泡製,有它的技術困難度(??),所以就不了了之。

而由這篇文章的reference,才知道,其實2002年的guideline已經建議,對於vascular access的皮膚消毒,已經將此皮膚消毒液,列為建議事項。. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:759-769

同期,另一篇文章,Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 2010 Jan 7; 362:9.,使用2% mupirocin nasal ointment (twice daily) plus chlorhexidine gluconate soap (daily),在S. aureus. rt-PCR 篩檢陽性患者的研究,顯示有比較優的SSIs效果,不過編者對於此法是否推廣為所有手術的常規,持保留態度,主要是cost-effective的觀點,所以暫時建議可以考慮使用於high risk patient group, e.g. cardiac surgery, artificial joint replacement 等。

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