歲月麻醉

Anesthesia,Joyful Life
gravatar

噬血症候群

看得見的,不一定就是罪魁禍首!報載,近日鬧的沸沸揚揚的疫苗事件,病理解剖為噬血症候群,找到的病原為B19微小病毒!在引發噬血症候群的病原中,以H5N1禽流感病毒最為兇惡,以EB病毒最為常見。
根據目前文獻找得到與噬血症候群有關的病毒感染,有一個與H1N1 swine influenza有關(雖然此H1N1 非目前流行的novel influenza H1N1)!

Infectious Agents Associated with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis 列表

其中值的注意的是,此致命性症候群,其病理生理學反應,為變態性免疫學致病機轉,跟目前新流感fluminant fatal course一部分的臨床表現很類似,所謂的cytokinine storm! 如果是這樣,steroid的使用,可能是一個合理的立論根據!

Fatal case of swine influenza virus in an immunocompetent host.Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Mar;73(3):243-5



Cytokine profiles induced by the novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus: implications for treatment strategies.J Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 1;201(3):346-53.




台中七歲劉小弟疑接種疫苗後一個月死亡,昨晚解剖報告出爐,肇因於微小病毒B19型(parvovirus B19),研判與噬血症候群Hemophagocytic Syndrome相關,感染科醫師表示,此病毒感染頗為常見,但導致重症、死亡比率極低。


劉姓男童去年十一月十九日施打H1N1疫苗後,一個月後死亡,檢方於十二月廿四日解剖相驗。法醫研究所就相關檢體等物為顯微鏡觀察、毒物化驗檢驗、微生物檢驗,及流感疫苗傳染病原體檢驗,其中微生物檢驗包括病毒與細菌拭子等。

鑑定結果死者因噬血症候群,導致肝脾腫大、肝臟明顯脂肪變性、多處器官組織壞死及瀰漫性血管內凝血不全症,最後腦幹出血死亡。死者骨髓、心臟、肝臟、脾臟、右肺、右腎、左腎、大腦基底均檢測出B19微小病毒,研判B19微小病毒感染與噬血症候群相關。





劉父將針對檢驗報告列出疑點,他說:「檢驗結果無法證實與疫苗相關,相對地也無法排除與疫苗有關。」


台灣法醫學會理事長邱清華晚間受訪表示,當法醫解剖無法確定「有關」或「無關」疫苗時,應以「無法排除」表達,但真相卻往往被扭曲為「與疫苗無關」。


此症的病程相當凶猛,往往診斷後沒多久病患就死亡了,所以更增加了治療的困難度,還好它的發生率相當的低,我想多數民眾甚至一般醫師仍不知此症的原委。目前治療方針主要還是以化療(特別是Etoposide)及類固醇為主,其著眼點在於抑制致命之細胞激素〈Cytokines〉風暴。



細胞素風暴 cytokine storm

A cytokine storm is a potentially fatal immune reaction that results from an uncontrolled positive feedback loop between immune cells and cytokines, proteins that facilitate intercellular communication. During an immune response, cytokines prompt immune cells to travel to the site of infection as well as stimulate the production of more cytokines. The body regulates this process, but in some cases it becomes inappropriately elevated. What are the primary symptoms of a cytokine storm?

一種不適當的免疫反應,通常發生在排斥反應(GVHD)或病毒感染的時候;病毒或外來組織刺激T細胞分泌細胞素(cytokine)IFN-g以及 TNF-a活化巨噬細胞(macrophage),被活化的巨噬細胞吞噬病毒及外來組織後,又釋放細胞素去活化T細胞,兩者相互作用,臨床表現為發燒、發炎、血管擴張、血球總數低下(pancytopenia)、血球吞噬現象(hemophagocytosis)等。

The high motality rate is found at young people than the elder and the child , on account of strong Cytokine Strom respose happen at young people.

新型流感病毒跟一般流感不同,並非直接破壞細胞,而是引發細胞激素風暴,使免疫反應過強反噬宿主,因此免疫力較強的青壯年死亡率最高,且往往會在一週左右死亡,若逃過一死通常會痊癒,且帶有抗體。年青人 免疫反應強, 死亡率 比老年人 ,小孩子還高。

Related Posts :



日曆

追蹤者

標籤

H1N1 (21) 休閒 (16) 單車 (8) 重症 (6) ARDS (5) spinal anesthesia (5) cesarean section (4) epidural anesthesia (4) iphone (4) local toxicity (4) noncardiac surgery (4) pain (4) pregnancy (4) steroid (4) trauma (4) 中毒 (4) 補液 (4) 評估 (4) Heart failure (3) antibiotics (3) cardiac arrest (3) intubation (3) 全脊麻 (3) CICV (2) Chlorhexidine (2) ECMO (2) PONV (2) SSI (2) Vertebroplasty (2) atrial fibrillation (2) blindness (2) damage control (2) evaluation (2) fluid responsiveness (2) hypertension (2) hypothermia (2) hypoxemia (2) jb (2) local anesthetics (2) propofol (2) rhabdomyolysis (2) sepsis (2) 插管 (2) 旅遊 (2) 肺栓塞 (2) 運動 (2) 過敏 (2) AKI (1) Bell's palsy (1) CAP (1) CCO (1) CNS stimulant (1) Cerebral edema (1) Cricothyrotomy (1) Cytokine storm (1) DKA (1) ED95 (1) Guillain-Barré syndrome (1) Hemophagocytic Syndrome (1) Inbutation (1) LLLT (1) Naloxone (1) O3 (1) One Lung (1) PCR (1) PNI (1) PPCM (1) Pneumonia (1) TBI (1) TEE (1) TKA (1) TRALI (1) Tramadol (1) air embolism (1) amniotic fluid embolism (1) anaphylaxis (1) aneurysm (1) ant. spinal a syndrome (1) antagonism (1) anticoagulant (1) carcinoid (1) cardiac (1) cardiac output (1) chips (1) citosol (1) coronary spasm (1) crush injury (1) cyanide (1) density (1) dexamethasone (1) digoxin (1) diuresis (1) dopamine (1) double lumen (1) drugs (1) dural puncture (1) earthquake (1) echo (1) endoscopy (1) etomidate (1) evaluatin (1) fluid resuscitation (1) guideline (1) hyperthermia (1) induction (1) intravenous anesthesia (1) ketamine (1) liposuction (1) loss resistance (1) massive transfusion (1) morbid obesity (1) muscle relaxant (1) narcotics (1) nerve injury (1) neuroprotection (1) neurotoxicity (1) obstetics (1) obstetrics (1) paraplegia (1) paresthesia (1) peramivir (1) peridural hematoma (1) perioperative fluid (1) perioperative medicine (1) pneumocephalus (1) postpartum angiopathy (1) procalcitonin (1) psvt (1) pulmonary edema (1) puncture site (1) rFVIIa (1) radiaion (1) rate control (1) reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (1) ritalin (1) sedation (1) shock (1) spinal cord injury (1) spinal cord stimulation (1) spinal injury (1) stellate ganglion block (1) svv (1) test dose (1) thrombocytopenia (1) transforaminal block (1) transfusion (1) vaccination (1) volume therapy (1) zanamivir (1) 京阪神 (1) 住宿 (1) 保險 (1) 北京 (1) 國小 (1) 國文 (1) 房顫, Cardioversion (1) 抗凝 (1) 授權 (1) 教育 (1) 新世紀黎 (1) 新聞 (1) 旅游 (1) 日月潭 (1) 日本 (1) 普台 (1) 曼陀羅 (1) 氣道 (1) 水果 (1) 法律 (1) 異丙酚 (1) 百草枯 (1) 硬膜下 (1) 禁食 (1) 笑果 (1) 統計 (1) 美食 (1) 肌間溝 (1) 肥胖 (1) 脂肪栓塞 (1) 脊髓前動脈綜合征 (1) 腰硬聯合 (1) 雲品 (1) 電影 (1) 頸叢 (1)