PONV and Dexamethasone
大陸很喜歡用激素,尤其是dexamethasone(地米),主要著眼在,postextubation stidor, 以及,PONV,整理一下舊文,順便更新文獻。
全麻時是否應用地塞米松?
這個貼子最後由somnolent在 2004/09/03 09:20pm 第 1 次編輯]
we are restricted to using corticosteroids for some things that swell, but not everything. 極力支持應老的看法,有指征才給藥,小兒麻醉插管後的stridor 發生率約1~4%,加護病房長期插管者可能高達25%,但因此而需要re-intubation者可能不到2%, ,在有危險因子存在下,如氣道損傷,內管相當於氣管大小,插管時間長,年紀小於4歲者,可開始給予dexamethasone治療,拔管後若無症狀,可停藥,若有則繼續給藥。 1.Steroids for anything that swells: dexamethasone and postextubation airway obstruction.Crit Care Med. 1996 Oct;24(10):1613-4. 2.Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD000308. Review. 關於PONV, 2008年的guideline可以參看! |
Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
幾個現有的藥物如:
Dexamethasone 4 mg iv
Droperidol 0.625-1.25 mg iv
Dimenhydrinate (dramamine) anti-histamine:1 mg/kg IV
Promethazine (phenergan):12.5-25 iv (Less evidence)
關於Postextubation stridor 更新cohrance libaray evidence
Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of post-extubation stridor in neonates, children and adults.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD001000.
更新的evidence顛覆以往的印象,即越小的病人受益較大,這個觀念需要修正,不過,這篇更新,著重於使用呼吸器的加護病房患者,對於麻醉的患者並不適用。