歲月麻醉

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Reverse, Not to reverse with Naloxone!

眾所周知,naloxone是鴉片類止痛藥的拮抗劑,可是麻醉臨床上並不常用,原因是所有手術病人都是postoperative pain的患者,縱使懷疑止痛劑過量,也是當成是檢示劑test dosage,以撿示是否為嗎啡類藥物引起的副作用,而不是全面拮抗的治療劑reverse agent。



有一個髖骨關節置換術的病人,回到病房後要求PCA止痛,由於沒有經過恢復室的監護過程,打完藥物後2mg morphine+60 ug fentanyl,病人呈現深睡狀態,家屬緊張,護理站也忙成一團,打電話來科內『興師問罪』。碰到這樣的情況,唯一要作的事情就是reassurance(跟家屬解釋,與保證),再加上仔細的監視生命徵象(呼吸次數,與給氧,有SpO2 monitor更好),對於人工關節手術患者,還要加上fat embolism syndrome的鑑別診斷,如此而已,這應該沒有超過骨科外科病房護理的常規。 與外科主治醫師交待病情後,外科醫師問了一句話,為什麼不打naloxone,我只回一句話,naloxone 有一定的風險,緊密的臨床監視與追蹤,一樣可以解決問題。不到一個半小時,隨訪的同事回報,病人已經清醒了!

Naloxone可能潛在行的風險為:

納洛酮的副作用,在於它完全阻滯了阿片類藥物,導致嚴重的:

高血壓
心率增快
急性撤藥綜合症
室性心律失常
肺水腫
心跳驟停


剛好昨天texasmousedoc po 美國一位給予naloxone reverse發生心衰竭的案例,標題是Naloxone是敵是友,只能說是三分友,七分敵,值的臨床醫師重視。

Naloxone 給予的劑量 0.02 -0.04 mg IV 就可以觀察到臨床拮抗的效果。

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