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Albumin + Laxis for ARDS



幾年前,如果有人提出這樣的看法,可能會被千刀萬里追,追殺到底!ARDS的病理生理學,是Permeability 增加,Capillary leakage,正常的starling law across the membrane已經打破,輸入colloid是福是禍,尚在未定之天。


Well,自從有人觀察到,在使用呼吸器的病人,如果有Hypoproteinemia, positive net fluid balance,有比較高的機會併發ARDSRisk Factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients Mechanically Ventilated for Greater Than 48 Hours.Chest 2008 April ; 133(4): 853–861,於是在2002年有人做了一個RCT,比較使用Albumin + Laxis vs. Placebo,於大部分是外傷病患,符合ALI/ARDS條件者的臨床治療差異,總共37人,結果在主要觀察指標,死亡率沒有差別,但在次要指標,如氧合指數,呼吸器使用天數等。他的入選條件是Hypoproteinemia,albumin level 兩組都小於2 g/L,經過五天的治療,平均體重下降10 vs. 4.7kg。

Albumin and furosemide therapy in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury.Crit Care Med. 2002 Oct;30(10):2175-82.


2005年這個研究團隊再接再勵,比較albumin + lasix vs. lasix 的治療,入選的族群雖然較為多樣,但由於人數太少(每組20人),代表性不足。最重要的它的主要指標,死亡率還是無差異,只在氧合指數有差異。這樣的結果可以有浮動人心的作用,但不足以撼動臨床的常規原則。

A randomized, controlled trial of furosemide with or without albumin in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury.Crit Care Med. 2005 Aug;33(8):1681-7.


2006年著名的ARDSnet,發表在New England Journal of Medicine :比較不同補液策略的差異。Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury.N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 15;354(24):2564-75. Epub 2006 May 21.,結果,Fluid balance (-33 vs. 6300) 看圖:



重點,死亡率無差異,加護病房停留與呼吸器使用,實驗組比對照組少兩天。


使用以上提高oncotic pressure,降低extravascular fluid (edema)的觀念,需要幾個條件配合!一,病人已經度過resuscitation plase,沒有hemodynamics的疑慮,二,lung 的permeability功能已經朝恢復期演進,三,選擇適當的病人。

如何來判讀這些數據呢!

最簡單的,就是他們的主要觀測指標,存活率,沒有因而提高,所以不應該常規使用albumin + lasix, 或者刻意限制液體的輸入(至負平衡)!
有人簡化了作者的結論,忽略了作者提醒該研究結果的限制性與缺陷,或者是放大該實驗的結論,逸出以上研究的入選族群與條件,『常規』限制液體的攝出入,甚至使用albumin + Lasix ,我想,在目前的證據之下,時機是尚未成熟的!

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