歲月麻醉

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Soybean Allergy 大豆過敏


麻醉藥裡面含有soybean,也是TCI麻醉最有名的組成麻藥 - propofol。它的出現,不僅僅是多了一種hyponotics,而且改變了麻醉的整個面貌,它具有起效快,恢復短,清醒品質高的特點,而其缺陷,注射疼痛,與過敏,正是它的賦型劑excipient - soybean oil,扯的後腿。

這星期的NEJM,提到兩個使用含有soybean oil 的generic drug (PPIs) -omeprazole (一種時下最流行治療消化潰瘍的藥物)引起過敏的案例。Hypersensitivity to Generic Drugs with Soybean Oil NEJM Volume 361:1317-1318 eptember 24, 2009 Number 13



有三個值得學習的地方:

1.手術前麻醉評估,不能忽略食物過敏史,尤其是大豆。

2.Generic drug vs. Branded drug:原生藥品的專利保護,保障開發藥廠的研發與測試的投資成本,而副廠藥(學名藥,非品牌藥,非原廠藥),則是保障民眾的消費利益,對於該藥物活性的成份,FDA有明確的規範:generic drugs are identical or within an acceptable bioequivalent range to the brand name counterpart with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.,所以,臨床上的使用可以視同原生藥物。不過事情是出在非活性組成部分,這個部份稱為excipients,有的時候藥物的製程formulation,是視為商業秘密,而有的時候,甚至另外有專利保護,所以基於以上的理由,副廠藥物的excipients,就不一定會跟原生藥物一樣。弔詭的是,很多藥物對excipents的標示不清楚,這裡面可能牽涉到,製造者的不經心,法律規範的不嚴謹,或者使用者不用心,以致造成臨床上的問題,過敏是一例,其他敏感組織的傷害如中樞神經損傷等。

3.過敏物質的試驗,國內這方面對過敏質特異性IgE的測定一向缺乏,因為不是臨床實務需求,成本能省則省,一般頂多作皮測。而國外對這方面則嚴謹多了(學術的需求)。貼一下這個大豆過敏的IgE Dot Blot Assay.圖。

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