歲月麻醉

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Digoxin 再現風華

Reconsidering the Role for Digoxin in the Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes.JAMA. 2009;302(19):2146-2147.


在JAMA一篇Commentary的文章,為甚麼會提到這個議題呢?因為儘管新的治療藥物興起,近十年來依照evidenced-based證據所做的大規模研究顯示,Acute heart failure syndrome在90天內的死亡率與再住院率,還是高達15, 與30%,而所謂作者理想的藥物特質,digoxin也佔了不少哩!



  1.  improve hemodynamics without adversely affecting heart rate or blood pressure or increasing myocardial oxygen demand and without reducing coronary perfusion (既要馬兒跑又要馬兒不吃草)
  2.  prevent further neurohormonal activation, favorably modulate the existing neurohormonal milieu, or both (不激化內在神經賀爾蒙梯度,最好還能改善神經賀爾蒙的調節)
  3.  be applicable in the context of known evidence-based therapies, such as ACE inhibitors and β-blockers (能在既有尋證治療中 錦上添花)
  4.  help control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation (是其強項)
  5.  have a formulation for intravenous use during the acute phase of heart failure and an oral formulation for long-term use (也是強項)
  6.  importantly, improve symptoms and signs, decrease rehospitalization rate, improve survival, or all 3 (也有RCT證據)
  7.  be affordable for the millions of patients with heart failure throughout the world.(最大的強項)
那為什麼,會被踢到冷宮冰起來呢?除了藥物的safety-margin太窄,需要時常監測血中濃度外,最重要的可能是無利可圖(商業利益或學術利益),吸引不起醫師的興趣。一篇事後孔明的分析研究,隱約透露出digoxin對AHFS可能的潛能。

Digoxin and reduction in mortality and hospitalization in heart failure: a comprehensive post hoc analysis of the DIG trial. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(2):178-186.

多數的AHFS經過緊急處置,大多都可穩定下來,因此對於此類病人的治療重點,反而是在於降低出院後的在住院率與死亡率!這也是為什麼digoxin又會被抬上檯面上討論的原由!

推薦繼續閱讀:

STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER

Acute Heart Failure Syndromes J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 53:557-573

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