歲月麻醉

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什麼時候開始使用抗生素治療

When to Consider the Use of Antibiotics in the Treatment of 2009 H1N1 Influenza-Associated Pneumonia NEJM 2009 November 25th, 2009

1. 遵循社區感染性肺炎的綱領準則。

2.遵循臨床的徵象與檢查結果。

3.注意更新的疫情報導。

什麼時候要懷疑有二度細菌感染?

1. 流感
2. 二度發燒
3.細菌培養陽性
4. 胸部X光 Lobar consolidation
5. 白血球增高
6.晚期出現呼吸喘促症狀 (4-7 day)



在嚴重病人,第一時間的抗生素涵蓋,可以使用二,三代的廣譜頭孢,之後應以細菌學的檢查結果指導之。最近一期的美國疫情周報,披露新增的35例小兒死亡案例,31%有培養出細菌,7例金黃葡萄球菌中,有六例是MRSA,所以抗生素的選擇,MRSA的因素要考慮在內。在一個兒童醫院的案例裡,有三個青少年感染新流感,主治醫師一開始的抗生素經驗用藥為vancomycin and piperacillin–tazobactam,就有反應這種即時疫情通報的影響,雖然最後證實,一個為單純病毒感染,一個是Moraxella catarrhalis,另一個為methicillin-sensitive S. aureus.

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