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Acute kidney injury (AKI)

圍術期預防急性腎衰竭,晨會的review article。

如何保持圍術期euvolemia,是預防腎傷害的不二法門。

1.術前心臟幫浦功能無異常者,保持I/O不要差太多,生命徵象穩定,尤其是後者,比看urine output 重要。

2.術前心臟幫浦異常者,需要更傾入性(Edward arterial waveform,swan-ganz catherization)
,或額外的血行動力學監測器(Transesophageal doppler) 加以輔助監測。

3. Intravascualr volume shifting 厲害的手術,更要有cardiac output的監測設備。

其他重點:

a. ACEI 與 ARB 等 antihypertensive agents 手術當天要停藥,這與beta-blocker 不需停藥是不樣的,目前抗高血壓的combination,兩者是大約一半一半,因此,術前評估門診,需仔細細分哪些藥停藥,哪些不需停藥。

b. 唯一目前有promising 的預防圍術期腎功能傷害的藥物 fenoldopam 台灣沒有藥。

最後強調,Urine output < 0.5/ml/hr 是舉黃牌,僅僅是警示意味,此時不是打Laxis將尿量提高, 如果沒有矯正血容量,還是會發生急性腎功能傷害,甚至衰竭。

舉例:原始連結:

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