歲月麻醉

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One Lung Ventilation

單肺換氣是胸腔手術麻醉的常規,有兩個實際的問題,雙腔管插管深度與位置,術中低血氧的處置。

科內有個病例,由雙肺換氣改為單肺換氣,SpO2 由100%約在5分鐘內,緩慢下降到,最低70%,同事找我去看,他說,內視鏡檢查,雙腔管的位置很好,不知道desaturation的原因,recheck一遍,的確位置放的很理想;再看呼吸器設定,TV 550, f 20, PEEP 5, I/E 1:1.5. 當時將f 調到10,TV 調到400,PEEP 4,轉回單肺換氣看看,SpO2 最低下降到90%左右,再慢慢回升到97%。

理由:

1. One Lung ventilation 是一種 iatrogenic V/Q mismatch, 有如 pneumothorax般,手術肺側有血但沒有氣,如果對側肺的換氣設定太強,氣道壓力過高,有可能發生,有氣沒有血的狀況,如此,雙重 V/Q mismatch,desaturation就成了必然。

2. Oxygenation 與 ventiltion的設定是獨立的,它與FiO2, PEEP比較有關,而PEEP的大小,對oxygenation也可能是雙面刃,而與f最沒有關係,因此將f調下,TV調低。

One lung ventilation 發生hypoxemia的處置,textbook也這樣告訴我們:

1. Check proper double lumen tube position
2. Add PEEP to dependent Lung
3. Add PEEP to non-depent Lung ( 1-2 cm H2O from Miller's 7th)
4. Intermittent Two lung ventilation

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