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腰麻二三事 -穿刺部位

穿刺部位的選擇與考量,xq_zhong888 的好文章,提供參考:您如何準確定位腰麻穿刺點?

重點在於:沒有百分百準確的間隙地位點,所以沒有百分百安全的穿刺點。

以往人們普遍認為成人脊髓圓錐末端位於L1下緣或L1-2間隙水平,腰麻穿刺可選L2-3或L3-4間隙的觀點(見附件1)。但近年來報告脊髓圓錐末端水平成正態分佈,少數成人圓錐末端終止於L2-3椎體之間或L3椎體上1/3,因此不少學者提出腰麻穿刺(含腰硬聯合)不能高於L3-4椎間隙,否則有損傷脊髓圓錐的危險。(附件2)

又,髂嵴最高點連線經過的腰椎或腰椎間隙並非固定,從經過L3-4棘突間隙至L4-5棘突間隙都有可能(見附件3)。少數還有移行椎的存在(骶椎腰化和腰椎骶化)。

根據以上資料,脊麻穿刺前準確定位十分重要。但是,我們該如何準確定位腰椎間隙?尤其在沒有影像定位條件時,用什麼方法和體表標誌定位穿刺點最為可靠?希望各位談談您經驗體會。


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