歲月麻醉

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Minimal invasive cardiac output monitors


容量的測量,限於設備與技術,一直是危重症醫師心中的痛,長久以來都是以壓力指標當成替代觀察(surrogate indicator),如Arterial blood pressure, CVP等。本來PAC 應該是一個理想的工具,不過由於過於侵入性(Invasiveness),且臨床判讀與決策需要well-trained and experienced,因此叫好不叫座,在歷年的evidence-based medicine探討,常規置放PAC,不能改善重症病人的Outcome,甚至會增加mortality or/and morbidity。所以Swan-Ganz 導管,素有『死亡』導管之稱。



Less or minimal invasive cardiac output 的測量,因此因應而生,如上帖列表所示。早期的研究著重於測量出來的值與gold standard (PAC)的比較,看誰的相關性(correlation)比較好?後期的研究已經屏棄這樣的爭執,轉而專注於臨床決策與處置的思路algorithm。

就休克的治療順序,補液fluid resuscitation,強心Inotropics,擴管vasodilatation,補液無疑的是第一優先,而決定病人是否適合補液,與補到何種程度,(fluid responsiveness)才是實務上所要關心的重點。而樓主羅列出來的PiCCO, 與 arterial contour analysis 系統 Vigileo®/Flotrac,裡面所能測量的PPV (pulse pressure variance)與 SVV(Stroke volume variance),就是為此而設計的指標參數。



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